See -est in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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{
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"form": "-estena",
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"genitive",
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]
},
{
"form": "-estra",
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"feminine",
"genitive",
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},
{
"form": "-estena",
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"feminine",
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},
{
"form": "-estra",
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]
},
{
"form": "-estena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-estum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-estum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-estum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-estum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-estum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-estum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-est",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-est",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-est",
"type": "weak"
},
"name": "ang-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "used to form superlative adjectives and adverbs",
"word": "-ost"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "glēaw (“wise”) + -est → glēawest (“wisest”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "late (“late”) + -est → latest (“latest”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "smæl (“narrow; small”) + -est → smælest (“narrowest; smallest”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -ost (“used to form superlative adjectives and adverbs”)"
],
"links": [
[
"-ost",
"-ost#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/est/"
}
],
"word": "-est"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-es",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Anglian"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-est",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-est",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "fremman (“to perform”) + -est → fremest (“you perform”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the second-person singular of class I weak verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/est/"
}
],
"word": "-est"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -est meaning in Old English (8.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.